When creating a closed test and submitting the first version, it may take several hours and then become available to all users. 

The second and subsequent updates go much faster; in my experience, some take just a few minutes. In any case, during closed testing it's better to release updates several times - Google appreciates that. 

Better check out all the tips for passing closed testing.

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How to exactly pass closed testing in Google Play?

Since 2025, Google has introduced a mandatory procedure for publishing a new app - closed testing. Without it, you simply cannot publish, and if it's not done properly...

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